Art Metalwork Chapter 8 Cont.

COLORING AND FINISHING

After the fob is etched, shaped, hammered, and the slit cut in, we have next to color and finish it. In coloring copper, we can get all the shades of color from light brown to black with a solution of potassium sulphide and water. It is not practical to give exact proportions for this solution, as the sulphide deteriorates with age and exposure to the air. However, the simplest method is the following : In one-half pint of water dissolve a piece of potassium sulphide as large as an ordinary grape. This, when rubbed on the copper, will turn it almost black. If you wish a lighter shade, mix a little of this solution with water, varying the proportions according to the color you wish to get. When it is dry, polish lightly with fine emery cloth, bringing the design out in bright copper color and leaving the background darker, then flow on the fob a thin coating of the banana oil and allow that to dry thoroly, which will take about one hour, and it is ready for the leather strap. If the fob is of brass, use the same method, but instead of potassium sulphide use butter of antimony, full strength. If the fob is of silver, use the potassium sulphide, but do not use the banana oil.

If you wish to color either the brass or copper verde or green, flow on with a brush the following solution :
Copper nitrate 16 grains
Ammonia chloride 16 grains
Calcium chloride 16 grains
Water 1 oz.

Allow to dry and finish as before. A quicker method, altho not quite so good, is to mix verdigris with banana oil to the consistency of cream and apply with a brush. When it is dry, rub the design with a cloth soaked in banana oil, which will relieve and brinlg out the design. Either metal may also be polished bright and finished with the banana oil. See also Chap. 6, in which other finishes are described.
For the leather strap, get a piece of leather 5" long and as wide as the slit in the fob. Goat or calf skin will do, but if you wish to do the simple tooling such as is shown on No. 2 and No. 3, Fig. 4, you should use Russian calf skin. Then in the end that fastens to the fob cut a slit 1/2" long, as shown in the drawing, Fig. 3, and fasten to the fob by the method shown in Nos. 7, 8, 9, Fig. 5. Another way of fastening is shown on No. 1, Fig. 4, which is accomplished as follows : Cut the strip of metal 1/8" wide and twice as long as the strap is wide. Color and finish the same as the fob and pass the strap thru the slit in the fob. Then bend the shall strip of metal around the two thicknesses of leather and Hammer down the ends. To fasten to the watch cut a slit in the end of the leather as shown, just long enough for the fob to pass thru, and fasten as shown in No. 5.
Hat pins, Fig. 6, tie-pins, belt-pins, cuff-links, amd tie clasps may be made by the same method of etching and finishing as I have described, but with this difference, that before they are colored the pin stems and link backs nnist be soldered on.

To solder them on is a simple matter after a few trials. First clean with emery cloth the place where the pin is to be soldered and rub on both the back and the pin a few drops of a solution of three parts glycerine and one part muriatic acid; place under the cap that comes on the end of the pin stems a small piece of soft solder and hold both over the flame of a gas burner or alcohol lamp and the solder will melt and run, fastening the two together. Then color and finish as before.

Paper-knives.

The paper-knives, Figs. 7 and 8, are made in very much the same manner as the watch-fob, the only difference being the raising of a slight ridge down the center by laying the metal, design down, on a piece of soft wood and hammering it into shape with the ball end of file hammer. Polish with emery cloth, and hammer lightly and smoothly on a rounding piece of iron. A railroad spike filed smooth and driven into a block of wood serves very well for this purpose.
The athletic trophies of etched copper, Figs. 9 and 10, are good illustrations of the extent to which any of the elementary metal-working processes described in this book can be carried.

The processes of transferring the design, painting, etching, cleaning, hammering, coloring, and finishing are exactly the same as those described for the making of watch-fobs. The tools and equipment required for the same, with the exception that the dish for etching would, of course, have to be much larger.
In this and the succeeding chapters, the plan is to present, in logical sequence, a series of problems in metalwork, in which, while the processes and tool requirements will be simplified as much as is possible, the chief eharacteristics of metalwork, namely, rigidity and durability, will in no wise be sacrificed.

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